Essay Sample on Nazi Germany and the Role of Albert Speer

Essay Sample on Nazi Germany and the Role of Albert Speer To what extent did the Nazi leadership rely on terror to maintain their authority in Germany 1933 – 1945? At its core, the Nazi state was indeed a terror state. It is important to remember that Hitler only won so much support through propaganda. There were still those in Germany who were opposed to Hitler’s ideals, or did not conform to his own qualifications. As such, Hitler turned to Heinrich Himmler, the Chief of the German Police and head of the SS. Already in a position of power, it was Himmler who opened the first concentration camp at Dachau. Maned with SS troops, by the end of the war in 1945, there were fifteen more such camps scattered across German occupied territory. It was to these camps that Hitler had sent a wide variety of people. Be they common criminals, political opponents, Jews or homosexuals, anyone who stood in the way of what Hitler saw would be his perfect Germany, or challenged his view, found themselves arrested and quickly transported to a concentration camp. The concentration camps became a crucial component of Hitler’s regime. The conditions inside the camps were appalling, and the prisoners were often treated with incredible cruelty. Some 200,000 people had suffered the concentration camps by 1939. By the end of the war, some three million European Jews had died in the camps. So much so that Himmler created a separate unit of the SS known as the Order of the Death’s Head. A unit that was responsible for the running of the concentration camps, and helped facilitate the murder of millions by the end of the war. A trip to the concentration camps more often then not was a sentence of death. Despite their attempt to hide the atrocities that went on inside the camps, some rumours did manage to leak out. Enigmatic and foreboding, Germans as well as Jews had grown to fear the camps by the end of the war. While not intentionally designed to strike fear into the population, the camps managed to achieve an infamous reputation for people going in, but never coming out. The SS, as a whole, including its many sub groups, came to be of great value to Hitler in controlling the population. Despite technically being a police force, the SS were loyal to Hitler alone, and were placed above the law. Quick and harsh to deal out punishment to anyone unfortunate enough to step out of line, they made no attempts to cover up their actions. The more people who saw it the better, for while violence itself was a detriment to unrest, the threat of it was even more potent. As such people were often arrested in broad daylight, out on the streets. All it took was the slightest display of resistance or even hesitation, and SS troops would willingly beat the ‘criminal’ in submission. Coupled with the SS was the SD and Gestapo. The SD was the intelligent branch of the SS, while the Gestapo was the state secret intelligence. Combined, these two organizations sifted carefully through Germany, weeding out anyone who showed any hint of dissent. They often arrested people with little or no evidence against them bar hearsay, and sentenced them without a trial. Death by firing squad or the gallows usually followed. So intense was the level of fear in Germany that people were afraid to met in public. For while the Gestapo and SD could not possibly spy on every person in Germany, an intricate network of informants kept them apprised of any given situation. It was these informants that allowed the Gestapo and SD to keep such a close eye on the people. These informants themselves weren’t always as organised. One German citizen was quite capable of ‘exposing’ another. Even the Nazi party itself was not safe. In the Night of the Long Knives, 21 June 1934, Hitler ordered a purge of the SA leadership, killing anyone who in anyway opposed him. This purge turned into a massacre when the Nazi’s used it as an excuse to themselves or any other opponents. Describe Albert Speer’s rise through the ranks of the Nazi Party When Speer began his life in the Nazi Party, his position was less then glamorous. In actuality, as a car owner, his job was to ferry party members back and forth between events. In 1930, Speer was given the task of redecorating the Nazi headquarters. Despite all his work and enthusiasm, his work was met with varying opinions. Speer’s early career in the Nazi Party is plagued with these sorts of events. In 1932 after receiving a cut to his salary due to the governments cost-cutting program, and was forced to retire. Back in Berlin in 1932, Speer was offered the chance to decorate Joseph Goebbel’s headquarters. This is considered to be a turning point in Speer’s life, as Hitler himself visited and complimented the work. Speer’s career was filled with these tasks. He would receive a call from Berlin, at which point he would race there only to undergo some minor architectural task. His opportunity came in 1933 when he was called to Berlin by a friend of his, Karl Hanke, now a district organisation leader. Speer happened past Hanke as he was discussing the plans for the May 1st rally to be held at Tempelhof Field when Speer suggested some alterations. Hanke handed the project over to him, challenging him to do better. Speer came up with his ‘cathedral of light’ concept, dozens of search lights pointing upwards, forming a wall around the gathering. Hitler was astounded by the works, and Speer was given the task of seeing to all of the party rallies. Rallies such as Nuremburg in July 1933 helped progress his career further. Later in 1933, under the direction of Paul Troost, Speer was given the task of refurnishing the chancellor’s residence. This brought Speer into close contact with Hitler. Hitler seemed to from a close bond with Speer, whom he considered his superior in architecture, for that was what Hitler say himself as first and foremost. From his point onwards, Speer was in constant contact with Hitler and began to work his way up the ranks from there, until he achieved his highest rank as Minister of Armaments in 1939 Evaluate Albert Speer’s success as Minister of Armaments Overall, it can be seen as somewhat surprising that Speer experienced the success he did in this post, considering that his expertise lay in architecture, not engineering. By the end of 1944, Speer had succeeded in increasing the arms output by upwards of 300%. His accomplishments were capable primarily through what was referred to as â€Å"American methods†. During World War I, and the beginning of World War II, Germany’s armaments industry had been designed to produce weapons for a series of blitzkriegs and was ill suited to meet the demands of long-term warfare. Speer solved this problem by establishing a set of thirteen committees that would each be responsible for the mass production of a standardised weapon, be it tanks, machine guns or ammunition. Each committee was given the needed raw material, a time frame, and left to see to the work. In reference to these committees, Speer also managed to speed up production by removing military bureaucratic red tape from th e whole procedure. Finally, as stated, Speer himself possessed little in the way of engineering or manufacturing ‘know-how’, but was talented in finding faults with the existing system. He overcame this by soliciting Hitler to allow him to employ many talented people who were not members of the Nazi Party. This gave Speer a wide selection of qualified people that were able to deal with the situation in a way that he could not. Why was Speer found guilty at the Nuremberg trial? Speer was found guilty during the 1945-46 trials for the simple matter that he admitted to them, at least in part. Speer claimed that he should take part responsibility for carrying out the orders passed down to him by Hitler, and that in such an totalitarian style government, even the subordinates must shoulder at least some of the responsibility. Straight forward, polite and never evasive, Speer soon earned the title of ‘The good Nazi’. His ready acceptance of guilt was a demonstration to the court that Speer did feel remorse for his actions during the war, and as such the judges were lenient with him.

Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain Essays

Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain Essays Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain Paper Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain Paper Even though it was custom, she wishes she hadnt gone through all the trouble as the people at the party didnt care much for custom or seemed to have forgotten it. The olive is yet another symbol of her disapproval. Her spitting out the olive symbolises her complete rejection and instant disapproval of western society. Though we wonder why she hides and does this. If she disapproves so much, why does she even remain and endure the discomfort when she could be satisfied in the comfort of her own home. Animal imagery is used to convey her thoughts about the people and also about the situation she was in. She refers to them as strange creatures, even though they were her own people, she observed them like as if they were from another planet. She compares the womans claws dipped in blood to her own, which were unpainted and cut very short. In rural India, food was said to be enjoyed better if had with the fingers, as then none of the taste would be wasted on the spoons and forks. She has kept her nails short so as to not let them get dirty, as she has to eat with them. Her modesty was like a controlling device, which put a leash on her thoughts. Even though the dancing was suggesting indecency, she could not bring herself to think indecent thoughts, as women from her culture were not to think, act or speak indecently. The bride, just like a child, keeps relating the things and persons at the party back to her motherland. We realise that she must have been very enclosed and we learn this from her old fashioned way of thinking. The tone of the story changes as her feelings evolve. We see how her nervousness edged towards panic and with uncertainty a shy glance and then coldly self conscious. The pinpoints to discomfort soon changes to discomfort multiplied. At first she was in cold defence but now she is completely silent. We also see how the word discomfort is repeated several times to emphasize how uncomfortable she is in a place away from her home. From shock and distress, she turns to disgust she grows more and more in anger and bitterness. Even when it comes to the music system, at first the machine fascinates her but then her mind soon changes as she starts to hate the shrieking and moaning and discordant noises it hurled at her. Indian music is said to soothe the soul but when she hears the western music, she declares it as harsh clamour which produced discordant noises. In the end her feelings turn to anger, hatred, jealousy and bewilderment. Her violence turns to actions. She gripped her chair, struggled and through clenched teeth, tells her husband to leave her alone. All through she is trying to stand for Indian cultures and generation-old foundations yet here she seems to have given up at the end of it all. She cannot take it anymore. In Hindu custom, in the jaimala and even the agni pradakshina, the bride and groom garland each other in formal mutual acceptance and they walk around a sacrificial fire called pheras in which they vow never to leave each other and take on the world. She vows to accept him however he is, yet here he and his ways disgust her and she now sees him as a destroyer. If the Taj Mahal of India did not want a change of scene and experience then she should have stayed at home instead of going along for the party and embittering herself while ruining her husbands evening as well. Her preconceived expectations of her people are shattered as she sees them already adapted to a culture she disapproves of. Home away from home was what she expected to find instead all she finds is insecurity and loneliness and a longing that she had not wished that she would be on such a threshold of marriage. An inferiority complex is what she suffers from as she grudgingly admires the woman with a wine glass in one hand and a cigarette in the other/wondered how it felt to hold a cigarette with such self-confidence. She feels out of place when she cannot even relate to the talk of women of dress and appearance, which sounds so unfamiliar to her world where instead of relating clothes to time and place, the Indian woman would relate it to occasion. They are in a world of their own and she is all alone in hers in private emotions, discomfort and disapproval. We see the conflict in the brides mind, as she wants people to be around her yet she doesnt want them to talk to her in fear that she wouldnt be able to relate to them. Silence somehow was a refuge for her. She cannot bring her self to come with terms with the fact that these people had severed their Indian roots to abide to the western. With their bilingual talk and talk of showing their limbs and skin, which she found shameful. In the Indian culture it was only appropriate for the woman to show her face and hair, which was the essence of her personality, and the rest of her body was to be covered. She pulled her own sari closer when the sari of another woman had slipped off. She uses various strategies to protect herself. Conversation is crippled, at first cold defence with short replies and then silence. Her sari too acts as means of protecting her body from the snares of others and from the world as she pulled her sari closer. She asks for an orange juice as a protection against the persistent questions of Will u have a drink? Pretence is her only escape; she does not even drink the orange juice that is given to her she only puts it to her lips. In India, it is improper for women to drink and she is confused with the peoples reversal of values. East is east, west is west, and never the twain shall meet. I personally believe that this is not true in many cases. Here the bride could have made more of an effort but she had been narrowed by one field of vision and traditions. Her rigid attitude and maddening air of righteousness prevents her from seeing the good in people, because under all the behavior, they may be nice human beings. The hostess was very charming and did her best to make them feel comfortable. I sympathize with the bride, as she does not even know how to react to such ways and people who are supposed to be Indians. Shes a fish out of water with her dressing and customs. She is not only in awe but she is more offended. The bride is too sure of herself. Indian womanhood was shaped on how the Indian physkee should react. She cannot expect to live with old values in this world. One is expected to change attitudes according to time and place. Normally when we are around different people, we try to adapt to their ways in order to fit in. What is admirable about this woman is that she does not give up her beliefs, even for the sake of her husband in order to feel more comfortable and fit in. Her customs do not saturate even though she is in contact with a different culture who actually came from where she came. She wants to be a good wife and share in her husbands happiness but her will power not to indulge in ways she does not accept shows that she will not perspire when her beliefs are questioned. Though she is very rigid in her attitude, and unchanging in her ideas, I empathize with her as I myself would find it very difficult to adapt to new ways so soon. Maybe if there were some sort of induction day then she would have reacted better. I take pity on her repressive Indian condition. She thought that marriage would be an escape from the fixtures her family held her in but what a disappointment it turned for her. She thought that it would be an adventure, which she would go along happily for. Little did she know that it would be her mothers traditions and strictures that would be holding her back in this new place as well. She would have felt less left out if her approach were less judgmental and more to live and let live. Attia Hosain has indeed made a statement about the Indian woman. The Indian woman is strong, just, faithful, beautiful, a good wife, a good mother, and a role model for women of all cultures.

Term Paper 15 Pages

Term Paper 15 Pages Term Paper 15 Pages Term Paper 15 Pages is a legal site offering help with term paper writing.   Firstly, our free term paper writing blog consists of numerous term paper samples.   Secondly, our professional writers are always online to write a custom term paper for you from scratch.   Below is an excellent sample of term paper on abortion. Term Paper Sample Abortion is still prohibited except for medical emergencies in nearly two-thirds of the world, including the Western hemisphere, most of southern and western Europe, Africa and most of Asia. The exceptions are Britain and Scandinavia, which comprise 2 percent of the world's population, and Japan, China and most countries of eastern Europe, accounting for the remaining third of the world's population. Denmark and Sweden liberalized their laws in the 1930's and Britain enacted a liberal law in 1967 which has made it one of the freest countries anywhere in the world for abortions. Britain allows an abortion on the certification of two physicians stating that pregnancy will cause risk to life or the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman, even if the risk is slight. It is also permitted if the birth would imperil the physical or mental health of the woman's existing children, or if there is a risk that the child will be born defective. This law has become, in effect, abortion on demand. The United States is one of the countries in which abortion, as of 1971, is still restricted. In 32 states it is prohibited except in order to save the life of the mother. In Mississippi it is allowed also in cases of rape. The remaining 17 states and the District of Columbia are more permissive. (Every year more states join those who have passed liberalized laws.) As of early 1971, there were 17 states which had passed some form of abortion law based on the model code suggested by the American Law Institute. This code recommended in 1962 that abortion be permitted under the following circumstances: if the mother's physical or mental health will be impaired; if the child will be born with serious mental or physical defects; or if the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. States that have adopted this legislation are: Arkansas, California, Colorado (the first to do so in 1967), Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Vir ginia, Washington, Alaska, Hawaii and New York. The last three states have gone beyond the suggested code allowing abortion for all reasons. The New York abortion-on-demand law passed in April 1970 is the most liberal with virtually no restrictions other than that the abortion must be performed by a licensed physician within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. In Hawaii and Alaska there are residency requirements and the abortion must be performed in a hospital. Term Paper Help Online If you want to get a custom term paper written from scratch, you should order custom term paper writing service at our site.   Our term paper writers are responsible while our term paper writing services are affordable for all students!

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example The report also comments on the Government of China’s policy actions that are aimed at boosting the growth rate of the country’s economy (BBC, 2013). China's economy is the second-largest economy in the world. Currently, the country’s GDP has been estimated to be $12.38 trillion (according to the 2012 estimate) (CIA, 2013). However, recently the growth rate of the economy has slowed down significantly. After noting the declining performance level of the economy for the past few months, government has adopted certain policy prescriptions to improve the health of the economy. This paper discusses the main causes that lead to this issue and the level and pattern of impact that the problem casts on Chinese economy and society. The aggregate demand as well as the supply of goods and services in the economy is affected by this change in growth rate. The government is following expansionary monetary policy to improve investment climate in the economy and has increased l evel of public spending in order to increase domestic demand in the economy. Discussion on the economic problem issue China has depicted â€Å"soft growth momentum in the first quarter† (BBC, 2013) of 2013. ... Causes of the problem The article on BBC highlights two major concerns over the declining growth rate of the Chinese economy. Firstly, the economy has been heavily dependent on the export of various commodities and the major exports markets for the country are the USA and the European countries. The major items exported by the country are transport equipments, garments, accessories, toys, plastic products, machinery, rubber, textile, metallurgical products, Chemical products, fuel materials such as crude oil and refined oil, and food items (Peopledaily, 2001). China follows an export led growth and it has remained the largest contributor to the output of the global economy and accounts for nearly 3 percent of the global output. Although according to the International Monetary Fund, Chinese contribution to the global output is set to exceed that of USA, Germany and Japan; some economists have claimed in the past that the country would not be able to sustain its growth rate on the basi s of exports for a long time. After the financial crisis of 2009 that had hit the USA and the European countries hard, economic growth in these countries slowed down. These countries faced serious financial crunch and their import demand decreased. Therefore, the Chinese economy experienced a loss of in export market. This had a major impact on the economy and its performance. Since the exports in the Chinese economy weakened, different sectors in the economy slowed down their production rates and the total output in the economy decreased that is reflected in the country’s gross domestic product. The constant sluggishness of economic performance in these advanced countries,

Gender Based Violence in Immigrant Families Research Proposal

Gender Based Violence in Immigrant Families - Research Proposal Example This research paper will examine the amount of gender based violence that occurs among immigrant families and what the root cause is from those living in this domestic environment. Basis of Gender Based Violence The importance of gender based violence of immigrant families living in Italy is not only created from the basic problems associated with the acts of violence. The concept also links to cultural associations that create an acceptance of the acts of violence. The association with Sub – Sahara Africa is one of the links that is created from this. Marital authority is a common association of those living from the region, leading to spouses not carrying specific rights in the family and a lack of rights which are available, specifically to women, living within the household. The result is a direct link to honor killings, sexual violence, criminal abuse and relations to intra-familial violence. The violence is not only related to the cultural beliefs but often causes women to not receive help because of the associations with culture and the rights of each spouse within the household. result is a direct link to honor killings, sexual violence, criminal abuse and relations to intra-familial violence. The violence is not only related to the cultural beliefs but often causes women to not receive help because of the associations with culture and the rights of each spouse within the household. The immigrants which come to Italy often don’t link to criminal proceedings and are likely to not respond to the gender based violence, instead causing harsh conditions to continue to subside until medical assistance is needed (Barazzetti, Garreffa, Marsico, 2007). The complexity of gender based violence of Sub-Saharan Africans in Italy has become a compound problem because of the association with culture. Reporters are stating that the difficulty is the honor based violence and killing based on gender is acceptable among the culture and is therefore not able to create the right responses from those within the families. It is noted that 32% of women living in Italy have suffered from a form of violence with 80% of this being inside the home. However, only 10% of women from various cultures state that the gender based violence are a crime, while the other 90% believe it is an acceptable form of status that is within the household. It is also being stated that because of this mentality, the forms of domestic violence are continuing to rise with many overlooking the violence within their own household or becoming a part of the crimes based on honor violence and killings (Momigliano, 2010). Domestic Violence among Immigrants in Italy While there a re many that believe the gender based violence is acceptable, there are also figures which show that the hindrances of this form of violence is continuing to rise within Italy, specifically among different cultural groups. It is noted that there are 69% of rapes which are conducted by a family member or friend while only 6% occur by strangers. It has also been found that almost 50% of the rapes occur by immigrants and within the same household. It has also been found that over 60% of women have suffered from domestic violence which is gender based while only 26% have considered this a crime. An average of 21% of women that have reported the violence as a crime say they have been unsatisfied with the responses from the police with little to no help available. The main problem is shown through women that are immigrants and which receive discrimination within the household and from police as well as a lack of policies available for all women who are suffering from domestic vio

Apitalism in the ourse of the 16th Century Essay

Apitalism in the ourse of the 16th Century - Essay Example Protection of private property was never so legally simplified before the advent of capitalism and the legal implications of private ownership suggested greater independence of private property owners and provided clear protected ownership that could be legally validated. Capitalism brought in the standardization and integration of property rules increased trust in economic transactions and laid down the risks of ownership with possibilities of insurance against such risks. Loans and borrowing became easier as personal credit history could be checked and there was an increased standardization and transferability of statements documenting ownership of property (Levi-Faur et al, 2005). This specification of property limits and rules and regulations of ownership indicated a smoother flow of property between individuals and enabled a well-defined role for companies so that they could easily operate in national and international markets. The concept of capitalism has often been criticised by the fact that ownership of enterprises shows the division between the employer and the employee as the profits seem to go to the employer and is not shared by the employees. The growth of multinational companies is thus a direct influence of capitalism and the changing global economy has also been directly shaped by the spread of capitalism across society and nations. In fact, the world today could never have been the same without capitalism and considering this, it is important to examine why and how capitalism first emerged in the 16th century and what are the social, historical and political implications. Capitalism is often contrasted to feudalism on the one hand where a monarch has ownership of property and socialism or communism on the other in which means of production are owned by the community collectively (Sweezy et al 1976).

Bloggers as Professional Journalists and Writers Essay

Bloggers as Professional Journalists and Writers - Essay Example In this respect, they are like reporters and journalists probably without an undergraduate degree in the same field, because of which society does not provide them with the same rights as â€Å"professional journalists and writers†.However, bloggers are able to supply information to a larger amount of people in the world. There are many people who do not like watching the news or do not have the time to read newspapers. Nevertheless, they take time to surf the internet and read blogs regarding news topics and current affairs written by bloggers which have all the required information as well as a personal stance on the matter. Most students also prefer reading reports by bloggers because they are able to understand a opinion and use that very opinion for their reports or essays.Bloggers might not be a part of the public eye but that does not mean that they should not be given the same rights as journalists that have been evolving and changing the face of the print media. The f act of the matter remains on an opinion that a person is able to supply a piece of writing. There have been several authors and poets in the past who have written under a veil of anonymity because they do not want people to find out about themselves because of an insecurity crisis issue.It does not matter if a blogger does not want his name to be out in the open; what matters is that he has the guts to put forth his opinion and convince a large number of people that are reading his post. Many times, newspaper reports do not carry the name of the reporter, just the name of the publishing house or company. In this case, it does not mean that the article or information is not authentic; in fact what matters is how the people take the piece of writing.Thus, bloggers should be given the same rights and the nature of the internet does not have to come in the way of their reaching out to the general public.